10. OpenClaw 多 Agent 路由与会话隔离

适用于 OpenClaw v2026.2 | 本文适合团队使用或需要隔离上下文的用户。

TL;DR: 多 Agent 配置："agents": {"instances": {"personal": {...}, "work": {...}}}。路由规则："routing": {"rules": [{"match": {"channel": "telegram"}, "agent": "personal"}]}。会话隔离："sessions": {"isolation": "user"}。沙箱模式："sandbox": {"mode": "non-main"}。适合多用户、多项目、多用途场景。

为什么需要多 Agent？

单 Agent 的局限

场景

单 Agent 问题

多 Agent 解决方案

多用户

上下文混乱，隐私问题

每用户独立 Agent

多项目

项目信息混在一起

每项目独立 Agent

多用途

一个 Agent 多种角色

专门化的 Agent

多团队

权限难以控制

按团队隔离 Agent

成本控制

无法区分用量

每个模型独立计费

多 Agent 使用场景

flowchart TB

subgraph Users["用户"]

U1[用户A]

U2[用户B]

U3[团队X]

U4[团队Y]

end

subgraph Router["消息路由"]

R[路由规则]

end

subgraph Agents["Agent 实例"]

A1[个人Agent A]

A2[个人Agent B]

A3[团队Agent X]

A4[团队Agent Y]

end

subgraph Models["模型"]

M1[Claude Opus]

M2[Claude Sonnet]

M3[GPT-4o]

M4[Haiku]

end

U1 --> R

U2 --> R

U3 --> R

U4 --> R

R --> A1

R --> A2

R --> A3

R --> A4

A1 --> M1

A2 --> M2

A3 --> M3

A4 --> M4

多 Agent 配置

基本结构

{

"agents": {

"defaults": {

"model": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4",

"workspace": "~/.openclaw/workspace"

"instances": {

"personal": {

"model": "anthropic/claude-opus-4-6",

"workspace": "~/.openclaw/workspaces/personal",

"thinkingLevel": "high"

"work": {

"model": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4",

"workspace": "~/.openclaw/workspaces/work",

"skills": ["github", "jira", "confluence"]

"assistant": {

"model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-3.5",

"workspace": "~/.openclaw/workspaces/assistant"

}

Agent 配置项

配置项

说明

示例

model

使用的模型

anthropic/claude-opus-4-6

workspace

工作目录

~/.openclaw/workspaces/personal

thinkingLevel

思考级别

high, medium, low

skills

启用的技能

["gmail", "calendar"]

sandbox

沙箱配置

{ "mode": "non-main" }

contextWindow

上下文窗口

200000

Workspace 结构

~/.openclaw/

├── workspace/ # 默认 workspace

│ ├── AGENTS.md

│ ├── SOUL.md

│ └── skills/

├── workspaces/

│ ├── personal/ # 个人 Agent

│ │ ├── AGENTS.md

│ │ ├── SOUL.md

│ │ └── USER.md

│ ├── work/ # 工作 Agent

│ │ ├── AGENTS.md

│ │ └── skills/

│ └── assistant/ # 助手 Agent

│ └── AGENTS.md

└── openclaw.json # 主配置

消息路由规则

路由配置

{

"routing": {

"rules": [

{

"match": {

"channel": "telegram",

"sender": "123456789"

"agent": "personal"

{

"match": {

"channel": "discord",

"guild": "987654321"

"agent": "work"

{

"match": {

"session": "main"

"agent": "personal"

}

"default": "personal"

}

路由规则详解

匹配字段

说明

示例

channel

渠道类型

telegram, discord, slack

sender

发送者 ID

123456789

guild

Discord 服务器 ID

987654321

group

群组 ID

-100123456789

session

会话 ID

main, telegram:user:123

pattern

正则匹配

^work-

复杂路由示例

{

"routing": {

"rules": [

{

"name": "个人 Telegram",

"match": {

"channel": "telegram",

"sender": ["123456789", "987654321"]

"agent": "personal"

{

"name": "工作 Discord",

"match": {

"channel": "discord",

"guild": "111222333"

"agent": "work"

{

"name": "工作群组",

"match": {

"channel": "telegram",

"group": "-100111222333"

"agent": "work"

{

"name": "测试环境",

"match": {

"pattern": "^test-"

"agent": "assistant",

"config": {

"sandbox": { "mode": "always" }

}

"default": "personal"

}

路由优先级

flowchart TB

MSG[消息到达] --> R1{匹配规则 1?}

R1 -->|是| A1[Agent 1]

R1 -->|否| R2{匹配规则 2?}

R2 -->|是| A2[Agent 2]

R2 -->|否| R3{匹配规则 3?}

R3 -->|是| A3[Agent 3]

R3 -->|否| D[默认 Agent]

路由按顺序匹配，第一个匹配的规则生效。

会话隔离

隔离级别

级别

说明

使用场景

无隔离

共享上下文

单用户、单用途

渠道隔离

按渠道独立上下文

多渠道接入

用户隔离

按用户独立上下文

多用户共享

会话隔离

每个会话独立

完全隔离

Agent 隔离

每个 Agent 独立

多 Agent 部署

配置会话隔离

{

"sessions": {

"isolation": "user",

"persistence": true,

"retention": {

"maxAge": 604800000,

"maxSessions": 100

}

隔离配置详解

{

"sessions": {

"isolation": "user",

"storage": {

"type": "file",

"path": "~/.openclaw/sessions"

"encryption": {

"enabled": true,

"algorithm": "aes-256-gcm"

"retention": {

"maxAge": 604800000,

"maxSessions": 100,

"cleanupInterval": 86400000

}

配置项

说明

默认值

isolation

隔离级别

user

storage.type

存储类型

file

encryption.enabled

启用加密

true

retention.maxAge

最大保留时间

7 天

retention.maxSessions

最大会话数

100

团队协作场景

场景一：小型团队共享

{

"agents": {

"instances": {

"team": {

"model": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4",

"workspace": "~/.openclaw/workspaces/team",

"skills": ["github", "jira", "slack"]

}

"routing": {

"rules": [

{

"match": { "channel": "slack" },

"agent": "team"

{

"match": { "channel": "discord" },

"agent": "team"

}

"default": "team"

}

场景二：部门隔离

{

"agents": {

"instances": {

"engineering": {

"model": "anthropic/claude-opus-4-6",

"workspace": "~/.openclaw/workspaces/engineering",

"skills": ["github", "jira", "pagerduty"],

"sandbox": { "mode": "off" }

"marketing": {

"model": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4",

"workspace": "~/.openclaw/workspaces/marketing",

"skills": ["mailchimp", "analytics"],

"sandbox": { "mode": "non-main" }

"support": {

"model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-3.5",

"workspace": "~/.openclaw/workspaces/support",

"skills": ["zendesk", "intercom"],

"sandbox": { "mode": "always" }

}

"routing": {

"rules": [

{

"name": "Engineering Discord",

"match": { "channel": "discord", "guild": "111111111" },

"agent": "engineering"

{

"name": "Marketing Slack",

"match": { "channel": "slack", "team": "T22222222" },

"agent": "marketing"

{

"name": "Support Telegram",

"match": { "channel": "telegram", "group": "-100333333333" },

"agent": "support"

}

"default": "support"

}

场景三：多租户 SaaS

{

"agents": {

"dynamic": true,

"template": {

"model": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4",

"workspace": "~/.openclaw/workspaces/tenants/{{tenantId}}",

"skills": ["base"],

"sandbox": { "mode": "always" }

"limits": {

"maxAgents": 100,

"maxSessionsPerAgent": 50,

"maxTokensPerMonth": 1000000

}

"routing": {

"rules": [

{

"name": "Tenant Routing",

"match": { "header": "X-Tenant-Id" },

"agent": "tenant_{{tenantId}}",

"createIfNotExists": true

}

]

}

权限与安全

Agent 权限控制

{

"agents": {

"instances": {

"trusted": {

"model": "anthropic/claude-opus-4-6",

"sandbox": { "mode": "off" },

"permissions": {

"filesystem": { "read": true, "write": true },

"network": { "outbound": true },

"process": { "execute": true }

}

"restricted": {

"model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-3.5",

"sandbox": { "mode": "always" },

"permissions": {

"filesystem": {

"read": ["~/allowed/"],

"write": ["~/allowed/"]

"network": {

"outbound": ["api.example.com"]

"process": { "execute": false }

}

沙箱模式

模式

说明

适用场景

off

无沙箱

可信 Agent

non-main

非主会话沙箱

团队共享

always

始终沙箱

不信任环境

沙箱配置

{

"sandbox": {

"mode": "non-main",

"container": {

"image": "openclaw/sandbox:latest",

"timeout": 30000,

"memory": "512m",

"cpu": "0.5"

"allowlist": ["read", "write", "edit", "bash"],

"denylist": ["browser", "canvas", "nodes"],

"networkPolicy": {

"allow": ["api.example.com"],

"deny": ["*"]

}

监控与管理

Agent 状态监控

# 列出所有 Agent 实例

openclaw agents list

# 输出示例：

# Name Model Sessions Status Last Active

# personal claude-opus-4-6 3 active 2 min ago

# work claude-sonnet-4 5 active 5 min ago

# assistant claude-haiku-3.5 2 idle 1 hour ago

# 查看 Agent 详情

openclaw agents show personal

# 查看路由规则

openclaw routing list

会话管理

# 列出所有会话

openclaw sessions list --agent personal

# 输出示例：

# Session ID Channel Sender Created Messages

# telegram:user:123 telegram 123456789 2026-02-26 42

# main cli - 2026-02-25 128

# 查看会话详情

openclaw sessions show telegram:user:123

# 导出会话

openclaw sessions export telegram:user:123 --format json

# 删除会话

openclaw sessions delete telegram:user:123

使用量统计

# 查看按 Agent 分组的使用量

openclaw usage --by-agent

# 输出示例：

# Agent Tokens In Tokens Out Cost Requests

# personal 125,000 45,000 $2.10 128

# work 89,000 32,000 $1.25 95

# assistant 15,000 8,000 $0.15 42

# 按时间范围统计

openclaw usage --by-agent --from 2026-02-01 --to 2026-02-28

最佳实践

1. 合理划分 Agent

划分维度

说明

示例

用途

按功能用途划分

coding, research, assistant

项目

按项目划分

project-alpha, project-beta

团队

按团队划分

engineering, marketing

模型

按模型划分

opus, sonnet, haiku

2. 配置继承

{

"agents": {

"defaults": {

"model": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4",

"workspace": "~/.openclaw/workspace",

"thinkingLevel": "medium",

"sandbox": { "mode": "non-main" }

"instances": {

"opus": {

"model": "anthropic/claude-opus-4-6",

"thinkingLevel": "high"

// 继承 defaults 的 workspace 和 sandbox

"haiku": {

"model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-3.5",

"thinkingLevel": "minimal"

// 继承 defaults 的其他配置

}

3. 权限最小化

{

"agents": {

"instances": {

"restricted": {

"model": "anthropic/claude-haiku-3.5",

"sandbox": { "mode": "always" },

"permissions": {

"filesystem": {

"read": ["~/allowed/read"],

"write": ["~/allowed/write"]

"network": {

"outbound": []

"process": {

"execute": false

}

4. 监控和告警

{

"monitoring": {

"alerts": [

{

"condition": "usage > 1000000",

"action": "notify"

{

"condition": "error_rate > 0.1",

"action": "notify"

{

"condition": "response_time > 10000",

"action": "notify"

}

"webhook": "https://your-monitoring.com/webhook"

}

故障排查

路由不生效

# 查看当前路由规则

openclaw routing list

# 测试路由

openclaw routing test --channel telegram --sender 123456789

# 输出示例：

# Matched Rule: 个人 Telegram

# Target Agent: personal

# Route Path: default -> rule 1 -> personal

会话隔离问题

# 检查会话隔离配置

openclaw config get sessions.isolation

# 检查会话列表

openclaw sessions list --all

# 重置会话隔离

openclaw sessions reset --agent personal

权限问题

# 检查权限配置

openclaw agents permissions show personal

# 测试权限

openclaw agents test-permission personal --action filesystem.read --path ~/test

# 输出示例：

# Permission: filesystem.read

# Path: ~/test

# Result: ALLOWED

小结

多 Agent 架构是 OpenClaw 的高级功能，为团队和企业场景提供了强大的支持：

灵活路由：按渠道、用户、项目分配不同 Agent

会话隔离：保护隐私，避免上下文混乱

权限控制：精细化的权限管理

成本优化：按用途选择不同模型

可扩展性：支持动态创建和管理 Agent

本篇小结：

理解了多 Agent 架构的价值和场景

掌握了 Agent 配置和消息路由规则

学会了会话隔离的配置方法

了解了团队协作场景的最佳实践

掌握了权限控制和监控管理

更新记录：

2026-02-26：初版发布，基于 OpenClaw v2026.2

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